Remote Work in Europe by Country (2025)
Share of employed people usually working from home across 30 European countries in 2025: 21.1% in Finland at the top, 1.3% in Romania at the bottom, median 8.2%. Eurostat labour force survey.
Data
| # | Country | % of employed | Change vs 2024 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Finland | 21.1 | +0.9pp |
| 2 | Ireland | 19.3 | -1.3pp |
| 3 | Belgium | 13.6 | -0.5pp |
| 4 | Sweden | 13.4 | -0.8pp |
| 5 | Germany | 13.2 | +0.1pp |
| 6 | Malta | 12.5 | +0.4pp |
| 7 | Netherlands | 11.9 | -1.1pp |
| 8 | Luxembourg | 11.6 | -1.8pp |
| 9 | Estonia | 11.4 | -1.6pp |
| 10 | France | 11.3 | unchanged |
| 11 | Austria | 11 | unchanged |
| 12 | Portugal | 8.9 | +0.2pp |
| 13 | Iceland | 8.8 | n/a |
| 14 | Latvia | 8.7 | +0.2pp |
| 15 | Denmark | 8.2 | -0.2pp |
| 16 | Switzerland | 8.2 | -0.5pp |
| 17 | Spain | 8 | +0.1pp |
| 18 | Slovenia | 7.5 | +0.5pp |
| 19 | Slovakia | 7.4 | +1.7pp |
| 20 | Czechia | 6.9 | -0.1pp |
| 21 | Poland | 6.1 | +0.6pp |
| 22 | Norway | 5.9 | -0.7pp |
| 23 | Lithuania | 5.2 | unchanged |
| 24 | Croatia | 4.9 | +0.2pp |
| 25 | Hungary | 4.4 | +0.2pp |
| 26 | Cyprus | 4.3 | +0.2pp |
| 27 | Italy | 2.7 | -1.1pp |
| 28 | Greece | 2.3 | -0.4pp |
| 29 | Bulgaria | 1.6 | +0.4pp |
| 30 | Romania | 1.3 | +0.1pp |
About this Dataset
Finland leads at 21.1% of employed people usually working from home; Romania sits at 1.3%. The more consequential number is the panel average of 8.6%, -0.1pp on 2024. After five years of argument about the future of work, the European aggregate has stopped moving.
Usually means most working days. People who work from home one or two days a week fall into a separate Eurostat category and are not counted here. This is the measure of who has stopped commuting, not of who occasionally works in their kitchen.
The ordering is mostly a map of what people do for a living. Finland, Ireland and Belgium lead; at the other end Romania, Bulgaria, Greece and Italy have employment weighted toward agriculture, construction, manufacturing and tourism, where the work is where the work is. Italy is the entry worth pausing on: 27th of 30 at 2.7% despite a western European income level. Firm size explains more of that than sector does, since Italian employment is concentrated in very small businesses where formal remote arrangements are rare.
For anyone modelling office demand, the plateau is the finding, not the ranking. The 20-year panel puts the 2020 to 2021 step change in context: it was large, it was permanent, and nothing comparable has happened since. The spread of 19.8 percentage points between top and bottom has also proved durable, which suggests the constraint is occupational structure rather than policy or technology — both of which have converged across Europe while these shares have not.
Every row is the figure published for 2025; no value is carried over from an adjacent year to fill a gap. The chart tracks a fixed panel of 28 countries: those reporting in every year from 2006. The line therefore moves because the countries moved, not because the sample changed. The measure is Eurostat LFSA_EHOMP: employed persons aged 15 to 64 who usually work from home, as a share of total employment. Persons who sometimes work from home are recorded separately and are excluded here.
Country pages: Finland · Ireland · Belgium · Sweden · Germany · Malta · Netherlands · Luxembourg · Estonia · France · Austria · Portugal · Iceland · Latvia · Denmark · Switzerland · Spain · Slovenia · Slovakia · Czechia · Poland · Norway · Lithuania · Croatia · Hungary · Cyprus · Italy · Greece · Bulgaria · Romania