Average of the panel (2025)
5.5
percent of employed
-0.2pp vs 2024
Highest
11.8
Greece
Lowest
0.3
Bulgaria
Countries ranked
29
with a published figure

Data

Long Working Hours in Europe by Country (2025) — source data. Eurostat.
# Country % of employed Change vs 2024
1 Greece 11.8 -0.9pp
2 France 9.4 -0.3pp
3 Cyprus 9.1 -0.9pp
4 Portugal 9 -0.2pp
5 Belgium 8.5 +0.2pp
6 Ireland 7.8 +0.1pp
7 Austria 7.7 unchanged
8 Italy 7 -0.8pp
9 Switzerland 6.7 -0.2pp
10 Poland 6.6 -0.4pp
11 Czechia 6.5 -0.4pp
12 Sweden 6.3 -0.4pp
13 Slovakia 6.2 +0.2pp
14 Spain 6 -0.4pp
15 Luxembourg 5.9 -0.4pp
16 Malta 5.6 +0.7pp
17 Finland 5.2 unchanged
18 Norway 5 +0.1pp
19 Germany 4.9 -0.2pp
20 Netherlands 4.9 -0.3pp
21 Slovenia 4.6 -0.8pp
22 Denmark 4.2 -0.2pp
23 Croatia 2.8 -0.3pp
24 Hungary 2.2 -0.2pp
25 Estonia 1.9 -0.3pp
26 Romania 1.4 -0.4pp
27 Lithuania 1 -0.3pp
28 Latvia 0.9 unchanged
29 Bulgaria 0.3 -0.1pp

About this Dataset

11.8% of employed people in Greece usually work 49 hours or more a week, against 0.3% in Bulgaria. The panel average of 5.5% sits below the median of 5.9%, pulled down by a cluster of central and eastern European countries reporting shares under two percent.

Forty-nine hours is above the 48-hour weekly average that the EU Working Time Directive sets as a ceiling. Most of the people counted here sit outside it: the self-employed, whom the directive does not cover, and managers whose contracts measure days rather than hours.

Self-employment, not labour law, is what the top of the table has in common. Greece, France, Cyprus and Portugal lead, and all of them have self-employment rates above the European average, concentrated in agriculture, hospitality, retail and professional services. France is the entry that confounds expectations most: second at 9.4% in the country of the 35-hour week, because the statutory week binds employees on hourly contracts and leaves the self-employed and forfait-jours managers untouched.

The bottom of the table is best read as a lower bound. Bulgaria, Latvia, Lithuania and Romania report under two percent, and these are labour markets where nearly all of the employed are employees on statutory contracts, and where long hours worked in second jobs or informally are unlikely to surface in a survey question about usual hours in the main job. Set the table against the remote-work ranking and the two do not align: Greece is near the bottom on working from home and top here, the Netherlands is close to the reverse, and France ranks high on both. The panel average moved -0.2pp on 2024 and the 8-year window shows a slow, broad decline.

Every row is the figure published for 2025; no value is carried over from an adjacent year to fill a gap. The chart covers the same 29 countries in every year from 2018, so the line moves because the countries moved, not because the sample changed. The indicator is Eurostat LFSA_QOE_3A2: employed persons usually working 49 hours or more per week in their main job, as a share of total employment. Hours worked in second jobs are excluded and the series begins in 2018.

Country pages: Greece · France · Cyprus · Portugal · Belgium · Ireland · Austria · Italy · Switzerland · Poland · Czechia · Sweden · Slovakia · Spain · Luxembourg · Malta · Finland · Norway · Germany · Netherlands · Slovenia · Denmark · Croatia · Hungary · Estonia · Romania · Lithuania · Latvia · Bulgaria

Frequently Asked Questions

Greece, where 11.8% of employed people usually work 49 hours or more a week, ahead of France, Cyprus and Portugal. What the leaders share is a high self-employment rate. Long hours in Europe are concentrated among the self-employed, farmers, and salaried managers on contracts that count days rather than hours.

France is second at 9.4%, well above the 5.9% median. The statutory 35-hour week sets the threshold above which overtime is owed to employees on hourly contracts; it does not apply to the self-employed, to farmers, or to the large French population of managers on forfait-jours agreements, whose working time is measured in days worked per year. Statutory hours describe one part of a labour market and say very little about the rest of it, which is why working-time law is a poor predictor of position in this table.

Usually working 49 hours or more per week in the main job. The threshold sits just above the 48-hour weekly average that the EU Working Time Directive sets as a ceiling for employees, so the measure is designed to capture work beyond what the directive contemplates. Hours in second jobs are excluded, which means the figures understate total working time in countries where multiple job-holding is common.