Average of the panel (2024)
458
beds per 100,000 inhabitants
-3 vs 2023
Highest
870
Bulgaria
Lowest
187
Sweden
Countries ranked
33
with a published figure

Data

Hospital Beds per 100,000 Inhabitants in Europe by Country (2024) — source data. Eurostat.
# Country per 100,000 inhabitants Change vs 2023
1 Bulgaria 870 +6
2 Germany 759 -8
3 Romania 731 +2
4 Austria 655 -5
5 Czechia 639 -1
6 Hungary 637 -14
7 Poland 627 unchanged
8 Serbia 606 +4
9 Croatia 558 -7
10 Slovakia 558 -8
11 Belgium 536 -3
12 Lithuania 536 -13
13 France 534 -6
14 Latvia 497 +4
15 Greece 423 -2
16 Switzerland 420 -17
17 Estonia 413 +1
18 Slovenia 399 -6
19 Luxembourg 392 -2
20 Malta 391 -3
21 Montenegro 387 +8
22 Portugal 331 -3
23 Cyprus 329 +10
24 Norway 320 -10
25 Turkey 314 +1
26 Italy 312 +8
27 Ireland 293 +3
28 Spain 283 -5
29 Finland 248 -12
30 Denmark 226 -7
31 Netherlands 221 -4
32 Liechtenstein 220 -3
33 Sweden 187 -1

About this Dataset

Bulgaria maintains 870 hospital beds per 100,000 inhabitants; Sweden maintains 187. A cleaner comparison sits inside the table: Germany, second at 759, holds around 4 times as many beds per head as Sweden at 187, and the two countries produce broadly comparable health outcomes.

A bed is an input, and a shrinking one. Europe has removed inpatient capacity for two decades while treating more patients, because day surgery, shorter stays and community care moved the work out of the ward.

Bulgaria, Germany, Romania, Austria and Czechia head the table. What they share is a hospital-centred model: in central and eastern Europe, the dense inpatient network inherited from the Semashko system and never fully converted to outpatient care; in Germany and Austria, a large number of small general hospitals, long average lengths of stay, and payment rules that gave little reason to shorten them. Germany has been attempting to consolidate its hospital sector since 2023, and its position here is the reason.

Sweden, Liechtenstein, Netherlands, Denmark and Finland sit at the bottom, against a median of 413 and a panel average of 458. The Nordic countries and the Netherlands closed inpatient capacity deliberately and over a long period, shifting older patients into municipal and home-based care. The 20-year panel shows the aggregate declining almost every year, -3 in 2024 alone. The pandemic did not reverse it: the surge capacity created in 2020 was temporary, and it does not show up in these counts.

Every row is the figure published for 2024; no value is carried over from an adjacent year to fill a gap. Albania, Iceland and North Macedonia have not published a 2024 figure and are left out rather than carried forward from an older year. The chart tracks a fixed panel of 30 countries: those reporting in every year from 2005. The line therefore moves because the countries moved, not because the sample changed. Beds are counted under Eurostat HLTH_RS_BDS1 and cover all beds regularly maintained and staffed for inpatients, including curative, rehabilitative, long-term and psychiatric care. Countries differ in how much long-term care they classify as hospital provision, which lifts the figures for systems where nursing-home capacity sits inside the hospital sector.

Country pages: Bulgaria · Germany · Romania · Austria · Czechia · Hungary · Poland · Serbia · Croatia · Slovakia · Belgium · Lithuania · France · Latvia · Greece · Switzerland · Estonia · Slovenia · Luxembourg · Malta · Montenegro · Portugal · Cyprus · Norway · Turkey · Italy · Ireland · Spain · Finland · Denmark · Netherlands · Liechtenstein · Sweden

Frequently Asked Questions

Bulgaria, with 870 beds per 100,000 inhabitants in 2024, followed by Germany, Romania and Austria. The pattern is a hospital-centred model: in central and eastern Europe a dense inpatient network inherited from the Semashko system, and in Germany and Austria a large number of small general hospitals with comparatively long average stays.

Sweden at 187 per 100,000 inhabitants, with Liechtenstein, Netherlands and Denmark also near the bottom. These are deliberate choices rather than failures: the Nordic countries and the Netherlands moved treatment to day surgery, outpatient clinics and municipal or home-based care for older patients over three decades. Whether the resulting capacity is too thin is genuinely contested, and the 2020 and 2021 surge periods gave both sides material.

Because the work moved out of the ward. Day surgery, shorter post-operative stays, better pharmaceutical management of chronic disease and the shift of long-term care into dedicated facilities have all reduced how many inpatient nights a given population needs. The panel average is 458, -3 on 2023, and the 20-year window runs consistently downward. Bed counts are an input measure, and a declining one; they are a description of how care is organised rather than of how well it works.