US Population Estimates & Projections
Annual estimates and long-range projections of US resident population by age, sex, and race/ethnicity. Published by the US Census Bureau, covering 1900–2100.
US Population (2025)
342.1M
Resident population (est.)
+0.51% YoY
Median Age
39.0
Years (2024 est.)
+0.2 yrs YoY
Natural Increase
+0.3M
Births minus deaths, 2024
slowest since 1937
Net Migration
+1.2M
International, 2025
−4% vs. 2024
Data
| Year | Population (millions) | Annual Change (%) | Net Migration (000s) |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2025 | 342.1 | +0.5% | +1,231 |
| 2024 | 340.3 | +0.9% | +1,286 |
| 2023 | 337.2 | +0.8% | +1,323 |
| 2022 | 334.4 | +0.6% | +1,319 |
| 2021 | 332.5 | +0.2% | +675 |
| 2020 | 331.9 | +0.4% | +330 |
| 2019 | 330.6 | +0.5% | +1,774 |
| 2018 | 328.9 | +0.6% | +1,765 |
| 2017 | 326.9 | +0.7% | +1,865 |
| 2016 | 324.7 | +0.8% | +1,889 |
| 2015 | 322.2 | +0.8% | +1,722 |
| 2014 | 319.7 | +0.8% | +1,673 |
| 2013 | 317.2 | +0.8% | +1,664 |
| 2012 | 314.8 | +0.8% | +1,632 |
| 2011 | 312.4 | +0.8% | +1,624 |
About this Dataset
The US Census Bureau's Population Estimates Program provides the authoritative annual count of US residents and is the foundation for federal funding allocation, congressional apportionment, and demographic research.
- National estimates: Total resident population by year from 1900 to present; projected to 2100
- Sub-national: State and county-level estimates; metropolitan statistical area breakdowns
- Breakdowns: Age (single year of age), sex, race (6 categories), Hispanic origin, nativity
- Components of change: Births, deaths, domestic migration, international migration — separately tracked
The 2020 decennial census base is the current anchor for estimates. The next decennial census will be conducted in 2030. Interim estimates are revised annually as more complete administrative data becomes available.
Frequently Asked Questions
The Census Bureau's Population Estimates Program (PEP) produces annual estimates of resident population at the national, state, and county levels, broken down by age, sex, race, and Hispanic origin. Estimates combine the most recent decennial census count with records of births, deaths, and migration (domestic and international) over the subsequent years. They are used to allocate federal funding and as the official benchmark for planning and research.
Demographics are a core driver of long-term structural trends across asset classes. Ageing populations imply rising healthcare spending, increasing pension liabilities, and lower potential GDP growth. Younger, growing populations support consumer demand and labour supply. Real estate valuations are driven partly by household formation rates (a function of demographics). Pension funds model contribution and liability assumptions directly from population projections. Private equity's healthcare and senior living sectors are sized against demographic forecasts.
Estimates are backward-looking — they extend the decennial census forward using recorded births, deaths, and migration data. Projections are forward-looking model outputs using assumed fertility rates, mortality rates, and net migration scenarios. The Census Bureau provides projections through 2100 under multiple scenarios (low, medium, high fertility and migration assumptions). Projections are inherently uncertain over longer horizons; estimates are considered authoritative for the periods they cover.