Net Migration in Europe by Country (2025)
Net migration for 35 European countries in 2025: Spain received the most at 582.9 thousand, Albania lost the most at -28.5 thousand. Eurostat data.
Data
| # | Country | thousand people | Change vs 2024 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Spain | 582.9 | -41.8 |
| 2 | Italy | 295.8 | +40.4 |
| 3 | Germany | 242.3 | -209.4 |
| 4 | France | 233.3 | +37.9 |
| 5 | Romania | 102.2 | +25.7 |
| 6 | Netherlands | 94.8 | -12.3 |
| 7 | Belgium | 75.7 | +6.4 |
| 8 | Portugal | 70.9 | -145.7 |
| 9 | Switzerland | 67 | -15.5 |
| 10 | Ireland | 51.6 | -18.9 |
| 11 | Greece | 49.6 | -4.5 |
| 12 | Czechia | 42 | +5.2 |
| 13 | Bulgaria | 35.1 | -4.1 |
| 14 | Denmark | 31.6 | +0.1 |
| 15 | Austria | 30.6 | -19.1 |
| 16 | Finland | 30.3 | -16.4 |
| 17 | Turkey | 23.5 | +179.1 |
| 18 | Norway | 22.7 | -11.7 |
| 19 | Croatia | 19.2 | -12.2 |
| 20 | Lithuania | 16.8 | -6.3 |
| 21 | Malta | 13.9 | +3.3 |
| 22 | Sweden | 12.5 | -16.3 |
| 23 | Cyprus | 11.2 | -2.4 |
| 24 | Slovenia | 8.5 | -3 |
| 25 | Luxembourg | 6.9 | -1 |
| 26 | Iceland | 3.2 | -1 |
| 27 | Poland | 2.8 | -30.4 |
| 28 | Slovakia | 1.5 | -0.9 |
| 29 | North Macedonia | 0.9 | +0.4 |
| 30 | Hungary | 0.5 | -3.6 |
| 31 | Liechtenstein | 0.3 | -0.5 |
| 32 | Montenegro | -0.9 | +0.1 |
| 33 | Latvia | -1.3 | +2.9 |
| 34 | Estonia | -2.8 | -4.2 |
| 35 | Albania | -28.5 | +0.3 |
About this Dataset
Spain took in a net 582.9 thousand people in 2025 — more than any other country covered here and more than double the 242.3 thousand recorded by Germany, which has fallen to third place after several years at or near the top. The combined figure for the charted panel was 2,146.6 thousand, -279.4 thousand on the previous year.
Net migration is now the single variable deciding whether a European country's population rises or falls. Natural change is negative in most of them, so the sign of this column is the sign of population growth.
Reading the table by absolute numbers favours large countries; the per-head picture differs sharply. Malta's 13.9 thousand is a rounding error next to Spain's total, but against a population of 574.3 thousand it equals 2.42% of residents, the highest per-head rate in this table. At the other end, Albania, Estonia, Latvia and Montenegro recorded net outflows. The sharp dip in the chart in 2020 is mostly one entry: Poland recorded -762.7 thousand that year, a statistical adjustment to its population register rather than an emigration wave.
Every row is the figure published for 2025; no value is carried over from an adjacent year to fill a gap. Serbia is excluded: its published net migration is a placeholder of zero in almost every year since 2013, not a measured figure. Georgia is excluded: its latest figure reflects a re-basing of the population on census results rather than a year of migration. The chart covers the same 35 countries in every year from 2001, so the line moves because the countries moved, not because the sample changed. Eurostat derives net migration as a residual, so it absorbs any statistical adjustment made when population registers are reconciled — a register revision can appear here as a migration spike.
Country pages: Spain · Italy · Germany · France · Romania · Netherlands · Belgium · Portugal · Switzerland · Ireland · Greece · Czechia · Bulgaria · Denmark · Austria · Finland · Turkey · Norway · Croatia · Lithuania · Malta · Sweden · Cyprus · Slovenia · Luxembourg · Iceland · Poland · Slovakia · North Macedonia · Hungary · Liechtenstein · Montenegro · Latvia · Estonia · Albania