Average of the panel (2024)
3.2
deaths per 1,000 live births
-0.1 vs 2023
Highest
9.0
Turkey
Lowest
0.0
Liechtenstein
Countries ranked
35
with a published figure

Data

Infant Mortality in Europe by Country (2024) — source data. Eurostat.
# Country deaths per 1,000 live births Change vs 2023
1 Turkey 9 -1
2 Georgia 7.4 -0.8
3 Romania 6.6 +1
4 Slovakia 5.9 +0.3
5 Luxembourg 5.3 +1
6 Malta 5 +1.4
7 Serbia 4.6 -0.1
8 Bulgaria 4.5 -0.4
9 Denmark 4.3 +0.8
10 France 4.1 +0.1
11 Hungary 3.8 +0.8
12 Greece 3.7 +0.3
13 Poland 3.6 -0.3
14 Belgium 3.5 +0.4
15 Germany 3.3 +0.1
16 Ireland 3.3 +0.1
17 Netherlands 3.3 -0.3
18 Switzerland 3.3 unchanged
19 Croatia 3.2 -0.7
20 Austria 3.1 +0.3
21 Cyprus 3 -1.5
22 Portugal 3 +0.5
23 Spain 3 +0.4
24 Lithuania 2.9 +0.1
25 Italy 2.5 unchanged
26 Czechia 2.3 +0.1
27 Finland 2.1 +0.3
28 Norway 2.1 +0.1
29 Sweden 2 -0.1
30 Slovenia 1.7 -0.1
31 Montenegro 1.6 -0.5
32 Latvia 1.5 -1.1
33 Estonia 1.4 -0.3
34 Iceland 1.4 -0.9
35 Liechtenstein 0 -5.5

About this Dataset

Infant mortality is the indicator that has improved the most and been talked about the least. Turkey tops this ranking at 9.0 deaths per 1,000 live births — a figure that would have placed it comfortably in the best quarter of Europe in the early 1990s. The panel average is now 3.2, -0.1 on 2023.

The table is ordered highest-first. In this ranking, a low number is the good outcome, and the countries at the bottom of the table are the ones performing best.

Two cautions before reading the ordering as a league table. First, the small-country rows are statistically noisy: a state with under 5,000 annual births moves whole points on a couple of deaths, which is why Liechtenstein and its neighbours at the foot of the table change position sharply from year to year. Second, registration thresholds for extremely preterm births differ between countries, and a country that registers more births at the edge of viability records more infant deaths for identical clinical performance. The persistent gap between the top group (Turkey, Georgia and Romania) and the western European average is large enough to survive both caveats.

Every row is the figure published for 2024; no value is carried over from an adjacent year to fill a gap. Albania and North Macedonia have not published a 2024 figure and are left out rather than carried forward from an older year. The chart tracks a fixed panel of 32 countries: those reporting in every year from 2005. The line therefore moves because the countries moved, not because the sample changed.

Country pages: Turkey · Georgia · Romania · Slovakia · Luxembourg · Malta · Serbia · Bulgaria · Denmark · France · Hungary · Greece · Poland · Belgium · Germany · Ireland · Netherlands · Switzerland · Croatia · Austria · Cyprus · Portugal · Spain · Lithuania · Italy · Czechia · Finland · Norway · Sweden · Slovenia · Montenegro · Latvia · Estonia · Iceland · Liechtenstein

Frequently Asked Questions

Turkey, at 9.0 deaths per 1,000 live births in 2024, ahead of Georgia, Romania and Slovakia. Every one of these figures is far below the level any of these countries recorded a generation ago; the ranking measures the remaining distance to the European frontier, not a crisis.

Because the denominator is small. A country with a few thousand births a year can swing several points on the rate from a handful of deaths, and can post a rate of zero in a year with none. Liechtenstein and other micro-states should be read as noisy rather than as best-in-class, and the year-on-year column for those rows moves far more than the underlying risk does.

Three things, in roughly this order: access to antenatal care and the share of births attended in properly equipped units; the prevalence of preterm and low-birthweight births, which tracks maternal smoking, poverty and maternal age; and registration practice, since countries differ in how they classify births at the edge of viability. The last of these makes small differences between well-performing countries hard to interpret and is one reason the top of the table is more meaningful than the middle.