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Economy & Macro

GDP per Capita in Europe by Country (2024)

GDP per capita at current prices across 34 European countries in 2024, from 127,030 EUR in Luxembourg to 8,590 EUR in North Macedonia, a fifteenfold range. Eurostat data.

Data through 2024 Updated Annual Eurostat
Average of the 33-country panel (2024)
43,069
EUR per inhabitant
+1,787 vs 2023
Highest
127,030
Luxembourg
Lowest
8,590
North Macedonia
Countries ranked
34
with a published figure

Data

GDP per Capita in Europe by Country (2024) — source data. Eurostat.
# Country EUR per inhabitant Change vs 2023
1 Luxembourg 127,030 +4,060
2 Ireland 104,350 +6,010
3 Switzerland 99,430 +3,150
4 Norway 83,070 -1,050
5 Iceland 79,290 +2,120
6 Denmark 66,970 +4,210
7 Netherlands 61,980 +3,240
8 Austria 53,830 +1,500
9 Sweden 53,010 +2,520
10 Germany 52,530 +1,440
11 Belgium 52,310 +1,220
12 Finland 49,130 +230
13 France 42,680 +1,340
14 Malta 40,540 +2,760
15 Italy 37,350 +1,020
16 Cyprus 35,670 +1,800
17 Spain 32,630 +1,650
18 Slovenia 31,730 +1,490
19 Czechia 29,510 +180
20 Estonia 29,010 +1,070
21 Lithuania 27,350 +1,470
22 Portugal 27,100 +1,540
23 Slovakia 23,850 +1,210
24 Poland 22,710 +2,730
25 Greece 22,480 +1,180
26 Croatia 22,200 +1,670
27 Latvia 21,800 +770
28 Hungary 21,560 +1,020
29 Romania 18,550 +1,680
30 Bulgaria 16,260 +1,600
31 Turkey 14,140 +2,280
32 Serbia 12,640 +1,290
33 Montenegro 12,260 +920
34 North Macedonia 8,590 +570

About this Dataset

At current prices and market exchange rates, Luxembourg records 127,030 EUR of GDP per inhabitant against 8,590 in North Macedonia. The panel average is 43,069 EUR, +1,787 on 2023.

The top two entries are artefacts as much as achievements. Luxembourg's denominator excludes the roughly 200,000 cross-border workers who produce a large share of its output, and Ireland's numerator includes multinational profits that never reach Irish households.

Below those two the ranking is orderly and familiar: Switzerland, Norway and Iceland lead the genuinely comparable group, and the table then descends from north-western Europe through the south and the centre-east to the western Balkans. The central and eastern EU members run from 16,260 EUR in Bulgaria to 31,730 EUR in Slovenia. Poland has reached 24th place at 22,710 EUR — a position it has climbed steadily for two decades and one that now sits above Greece. Convergence in this table is slow but has not stalled.

Every row is the figure published for 2024; no value is carried over from an adjacent year to fill a gap. Albania and Liechtenstein have not published a 2024 figure and are left out rather than carried forward from an older year. The chart tracks a fixed panel of 33 countries: those reporting in every year from 2000. The line therefore moves because the countries moved, not because the sample changed. Figures are at current prices in euro, so they reflect exchange-rate movements as well as real output; the euro-area countries are unaffected by that.

Country pages: Luxembourg · Ireland · Switzerland · Norway · Iceland · Denmark · Netherlands · Austria · Sweden · Germany · Belgium · Finland · France · Malta · Italy · Cyprus · Spain · Slovenia · Czechia · Estonia · Lithuania · Portugal · Slovakia · Poland · Greece · Croatia · Latvia · Hungary · Romania · Bulgaria · Turkey · Serbia · Montenegro · North Macedonia

Frequently Asked Questions

Among the 34 countries covered, Luxembourg, at 127,030 EUR per inhabitant in 2024, followed by Ireland, Switzerland and Norway. The top two need a caveat: Luxembourg's figure is inflated by a large cross-border workforce that produces output there but is not counted in its population, and Ireland's by the profits of foreign-owned multinationals booked in Dublin. Neither number reflects the living standard of a typical resident.

It divides all domestic output by the resident population, so it credits a country with production that residents never see as income. Profits repatriated by foreign owners, output produced by commuters who live elsewhere and depreciation of the capital stock are all included. For living standards, household disposable income per head or actual individual consumption in purchasing power standards are better measures, and both compress the European ranking substantially.

Among the 34 countries covered, Luxembourg records 127,030 EUR per inhabitant against 8,590 in North Macedonia. Measured at market exchange rates and current prices, that is a spread of 118,440 EUR. Converting to purchasing power standards roughly halves it, because prices for non-traded goods and services are much lower in the lower-income countries. Either way the convergence since 2000 has been real but slow.
Economy & Macro
Luxembourg GDP per Capita

Europe's highest headline figure, and the cross-border-worker effect behind it.

Eurostat Annual
Economy & Macro
Germany GDP per Capita

The German series at current prices, from 1995 to the latest year.

Eurostat Annual
Economy & Macro Analysis
BIS Household Debt Service Ratio: US & 5 Economies

US household debt service ratio: 7.9% of disposable income in Q2 and Q3 2025, per BIS. Compare Australia (15.6%), Canada (13.9%), Germany (5.4%).

Bank for International Settlements (BIS) April 14, 2026