Fertility Rate in Europe by Country (2024)
Total fertility rate for 37 European countries in 2024: 1.75 in Montenegro at the top, 1.01 in Malta at the bottom, and not one country at the 2.1 replacement level. Eurostat data.
Data
| # | Country | children per woman | Change vs 2023 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Montenegro | 1.8 | unchanged |
| 2 | Bulgaria | 1.7 | -0.1 |
| 3 | Georgia | 1.7 | unchanged |
| 4 | Albania | 1.6 | n/a |
| 5 | Serbia | 1.6 | unchanged |
| 6 | France | 1.6 | -0.1 |
| 7 | Iceland | 1.6 | unchanged |
| 8 | Slovenia | 1.5 | unchanged |
| 9 | Turkey | 1.5 | unchanged |
| 10 | Denmark | 1.5 | unchanged |
| 11 | Ireland | 1.5 | unchanged |
| 12 | Croatia | 1.5 | unchanged |
| 13 | Slovakia | 1.5 | unchanged |
| 14 | Norway | 1.5 | +0.1 |
| 15 | Belgium | 1.4 | unchanged |
| 16 | North Macedonia | 1.4 | -0.1 |
| 17 | Netherlands | 1.4 | unchanged |
| 18 | Sweden | 1.4 | unchanged |
| 19 | Hungary | 1.4 | -0.1 |
| 20 | Portugal | 1.4 | unchanged |
| 21 | Romania | 1.4 | -0.2 |
| 22 | Cyprus | 1.4 | unchanged |
| 23 | Liechtenstein | 1.4 | -0.1 |
| 24 | Czechia | 1.4 | -0.1 |
| 25 | Germany | 1.4 | unchanged |
| 26 | Austria | 1.3 | unchanged |
| 27 | Switzerland | 1.3 | unchanged |
| 28 | Finland | 1.3 | unchanged |
| 29 | Luxembourg | 1.3 | unchanged |
| 30 | Greece | 1.2 | unchanged |
| 31 | Latvia | 1.2 | -0.1 |
| 32 | Estonia | 1.2 | -0.1 |
| 33 | Italy | 1.2 | unchanged |
| 34 | Poland | 1.1 | -0.1 |
| 35 | Lithuania | 1.1 | -0.1 |
| 36 | Spain | 1.1 | unchanged |
| 37 | Malta | 1 | -0.1 |
About this Dataset
Europe's fertility ranking has an unusual property: the top of it is still below replacement. Montenegro leads at 1.75 children per woman, 0.35 below the 2.1 needed to hold a population steady without migration. Malta sits at 1.01, less than half of replacement. The gap between the highest and lowest country is 0.74 children per woman — narrower than most cross-country economic spreads, because the whole distribution has compressed downward.
The panel average of 1.38 means the average European woman is having roughly two-thirds of the children needed to keep the population stable. Everything else in Europe's demographic arithmetic follows from that number: pension ratios, labour supply, migration politics.
The geography no longer matches the old north–south or east–west story. Montenegro, Bulgaria and Georgia lead the table, while Malta, Spain, Lithuania and Poland form the bottom. France, long the western European outlier on the high side, has slipped to 1.61, sixth in this table. What separates the top from the bottom now is less about welfare generosity than about the age at which women have a first child and how secure the labour market is at that age.
Every row is the figure published for 2024; no value is carried over from an adjacent year to fill a gap. The chart tracks a fixed panel of 34 countries: those reporting in every year from 2005. The line therefore moves because the countries moved, not because the sample changed. Eurostat harmonises the total fertility rate across reporting countries, so the figures are directly comparable.
Country pages: Montenegro · Bulgaria · Georgia · Albania · Serbia · France · Iceland · Slovenia · Turkey · Denmark · Ireland · Croatia · Slovakia · Norway · Belgium · North Macedonia · Netherlands · Sweden · Hungary · Portugal · Romania · Cyprus · Liechtenstein · Czechia · Germany · Austria · Switzerland · Finland · Luxembourg · Greece · Latvia · Estonia · Italy · Poland · Lithuania · Spain · Malta