EU Usually Works From Home Rate 2025 (lfsa_ehomp)

The EU-27 share of employed persons who usually work from home held at 9% in 2025, down from 9.1% the year before and 4.5 percentage points below the pandemic-era peak of 13.5% reached in 2021. The rate has now been essentially flat for three straight years (10.3% in 2022, 9.1% in both 2023 and 2024, and 9% in 2025) after a sharp retreat from the 2021 high. Against the pre-pandemic baseline of 5.7% in 2019, the 2025 figure remains 3.3 percentage points elevated, evidence that some of the shift toward remote work outlasted the lockdowns that produced it.

The word "usually" is doing real work here. Eurostat reports a separate, broader series for employed persons who sometimes work from home, which counts any occasional remote day. This page tracks only those for whom home is where they work most of their normal days. The 2020–2021 spike is also a poor basis for a trend line: it reflects mandated pandemic remote work rather than a change in usual arrangements, and it should be treated as a shock, not a data point on an underlying trend.

This page draws on Eurostat's Labour Force Survey, series lfsa_ehomp. Key methodological facts for anyone pulling the underlying data:

• Eurostat series code: lfsa_ehomp (LFSA_EHOMP), part of the EU Labour Force Survey
• Definition: share of employed persons aged 15–64 for whom home is the usual place of work, not merely an occasional one
• Coverage: EU-27 aggregate and all 27 member states, annual observations from 2002 to 2025
• Access: Eurostat Data Browser or SDMX REST API, filtered to the EU27_2020 aggregate or individual country codes
• Frequency: annual, published with a lag of several months after the reference year
• Exceptional years: 2020 and 2021 are pandemic-distorted and not comparable to the surrounding trend

The country table beneath the chart shows why the EU aggregate understates the range of experience across the bloc. Finland leads at 21.1%, with Ireland close behind at 19.3% and Belgium at 13.6% — economies with large professional-services, technology and public-administration workforces where remote-capable roles are common. Romania anchors the bottom at 1.3%, with Bulgaria at 1.6% and Greece at 2.3%, reflecting employment bases still concentrated in manufacturing, agriculture and retail. The 19.8-point gap between the top and bottom of the table is wider than the spread in most other EU labour-market series, and it moves slowly: Slovakia's 1.7-point year-over-year gain was the largest increase in the 2025 update, while Luxembourg's 1.8-point drop was the largest decline.

For an analyst, the useful signal in this series is less the EU-27 average than its shape over time. The 2019-to-2021 jump and subsequent partial reversal mean the usually-works-from-home rate cannot be read as a clean secular trend without adjusting for the pandemic years. What can be read cleanly is the post-2022 plateau: three consecutive years near 9% to 9.1% suggest employers and employees have settled into a steady state that sits above 2019 levels but well below the 2021 peak. That steady state is a direct input to office-space demand models, commercial real estate vacancy forecasts, and any labour-cost analysis that treats remote-capable headcount as a distinct cost category from on-site staff.

Related data: EU Sometimes Works from Home Rate · Finland Usually Works from Home Rate · Romania Usually Works from Home Rate · Spain Usually Works from Home Rate · Remote Work in Europe by Country · EU Labour Force Participation Rate