{"version":1,"asset_type":"statistical_series","data_type":"time_series","slug":"us-rd-expenditure-gdp","url":"https://apiardata.com/statistics/us-rd-expenditure-gdp","html_url":"https://apiardata.com/statistics/us-rd-expenditure-gdp/","title":"United States Research & Development Expenditure (% of GDP) (2023)","description":"United States's Research & Development Expenditure (% of GDP): 3.4 % of GDP in 2023, -0.1pp YoY. World Bank (GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS), 1996–2023.","domain":"macro","category":"Economy & Macro","keywords":["Economy & Macro","World Bank","United States","2023"],"publisher":"World Bank","frequency":"Annual","geography":"United States","temporal_coverage":"1996/2023","unit":"% of GDP","last_updated":"2026-07-26","last_updated_text":"26 July 2026","data_as_of":"2023","variable_measured":"United States Research & Development Expenditure (% of GDP)","license":"https://apiardata.com/data-license","is_accessible_for_free":true,"sources":[{"name":"World Bank","url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS?locations=US"}],"meta":[{"label":"Frequency","value":"Annual"},{"label":"Coverage","value":"1996–2023"},{"label":"Observations","value":"28"},{"label":"Geography","value":"United States"},{"label":"Last updated","value":"26 July 2026"}],"kpis":[{"label":"United States (2023)","value":"3.4","unit":"% of GDP","trend":{"direction":"down","value":"-0.1pp YoY"}},{"label":"YoY Change","value":"-0.1pp","unit":"percentage points"},{"label":"Trend","value":"down","unit":""},{"label":"Series length","value":"28","unit":"years of data"}],"series":[{"key":"value","label":"United States Research & Development Expenditure (% of GDP)"}],"observation_count":28,"observations":[{"period":"1996","value":2.45013},{"period":"1997","value":2.47714},{"period":"1998","value":2.49621},{"period":"1999","value":2.54362},{"period":"2000","value":2.61982},{"period":"2001","value":2.63715},{"period":"2002","value":2.54746},{"period":"2003","value":2.55014},{"period":"2004","value":2.48685},{"period":"2005","value":2.50192},{"period":"2006","value":2.54545},{"period":"2007","value":2.61516},{"period":"2008","value":2.74481},{"period":"2009","value":2.7918},{"period":"2010","value":2.71443},{"period":"2011","value":2.73803},{"period":"2012","value":2.67272},{"period":"2013","value":2.69591},{"period":"2014","value":2.70882},{"period":"2015","value":2.77328},{"period":"2016","value":2.83677},{"period":"2017","value":2.88315},{"period":"2018","value":2.98956},{"period":"2019","value":3.14297},{"period":"2020","value":3.41788},{"period":"2021","value":3.4689},{"period":"2022","value":3.48736},{"period":"2023","value":3.44716}],"table":{"columns":[{"key":"year","label":"Year"},{"key":"value","label":"% of GDP"},{"key":"yoyChange","label":"YoY Change"}],"rows":[{"year":"2023","value":"3.4","yoyChange":"-0.1pp"},{"year":"2022","value":"3.5","yoyChange":"unchanged"},{"year":"2021","value":"3.5","yoyChange":"+0.1pp"},{"year":"2020","value":"3.4","yoyChange":"+0.3pp"},{"year":"2019","value":"3.1","yoyChange":"+0.1pp"},{"year":"2018","value":"3.0","yoyChange":"+0.1pp"},{"year":"2017","value":"2.9","yoyChange":"+0.1pp"},{"year":"2016","value":"2.8","yoyChange":"unchanged"},{"year":"2015","value":"2.8","yoyChange":"+0.1pp"},{"year":"2014","value":"2.7","yoyChange":"unchanged"},{"year":"2013","value":"2.7","yoyChange":"unchanged"},{"year":"2012","value":"2.7","yoyChange":"unchanged"},{"year":"2011","value":"2.7","yoyChange":"unchanged"},{"year":"2010","value":"2.7","yoyChange":"-0.1pp"},{"year":"2009","value":"2.8","yoyChange":"+0.1pp"},{"year":"2008","value":"2.7","yoyChange":"+0.1pp"},{"year":"2007","value":"2.6","yoyChange":"+0.1pp"},{"year":"2006","value":"2.5","yoyChange":"unchanged"},{"year":"2005","value":"2.5","yoyChange":"unchanged"},{"year":"2004","value":"2.5","yoyChange":"-0.1pp"}]},"qa":[{"question":"What does this indicator measure?","answer":"This page tracks total R&D expenditure (public + private) as a share of GDP in United States from 1996 to present. R&D intensity is a leading indicator of innovation capability and future economic productivity. It is published by World Bank and updated annually."},{"question":"How current is this data?","answer":"The most recent observation covers 2023. World Bank typically publishes this series with a lag of several months after the reference period. The series runs 1996–2023 (28 observations)."},{"question":"What is the long-term trend?","answer":"The series peaked at 3.5 % of GDP in 2022 and reached its lowest recorded value of 2.5 in 1996. The latest reading of 3.4 in 2023 represents a change of -0.1pp."}]}