{"version":1,"asset_type":"statistical_series","data_type":"time_series","slug":"tr-education-expenditure-gdp","url":"https://apiardata.com/statistics/tr-education-expenditure-gdp","html_url":"https://apiardata.com/statistics/tr-education-expenditure-gdp/","title":"Turkey Government Expenditure on Education (% of GDP) (2022)","description":"Turkey's Government Expenditure on Education (% of GDP): 3.1 % of GDP in 2022, -0.4pp YoY. World Bank (SE.XPD.TOTL.GD.ZS), 1978–2022.","domain":"macro","category":"Economy & Macro","keywords":["Economy & Macro","World Bank","Turkey","2022"],"publisher":"World Bank","frequency":"Annual","geography":"Turkey","temporal_coverage":"1978/2022","unit":"% of GDP","last_updated":"2026-07-26","last_updated_text":"26 July 2026","data_as_of":"2022","variable_measured":"Turkey Government Expenditure on Education (% of GDP)","license":"https://apiardata.com/data-license","is_accessible_for_free":true,"sources":[{"name":"World Bank","url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SE.XPD.TOTL.GD.ZS?locations=TR"}],"meta":[{"label":"Frequency","value":"Annual"},{"label":"Coverage","value":"1978–2022"},{"label":"Observations","value":"24"},{"label":"Geography","value":"Turkey"},{"label":"Last updated","value":"26 July 2026"}],"kpis":[{"label":"Turkey (2022)","value":"3.1","unit":"% of GDP","trend":{"direction":"down","value":"-0.4pp YoY"}},{"label":"YoY Change","value":"-0.4pp","unit":"percentage points"},{"label":"Trend","value":"down","unit":""},{"label":"Series length","value":"24","unit":"years of data"}],"series":[{"key":"value","label":"Turkey Government Expenditure on Education (% of GDP)"}],"observation_count":24,"observations":[{"period":"1978","value":4.34774017333984},{"period":"1979","value":2.91519999504089},{"period":"1981","value":2.20830011367798},{"period":"1982","value":1.75490999221802},{"period":"1983","value":2.64759993553162},{"period":"1984","value":2.02923011779785},{"period":"1985","value":1.73810994625092},{"period":"1986","value":1.50957000255585},{"period":"1993","value":3.36546993255615},{"period":"1994","value":3.42482995986939},{"period":"1995","value":2.2511100769043},{"period":"1998","value":0},{"period":"2011","value":4.22150993347168},{"period":"2012","value":4.38721990585327},{"period":"2013","value":4.34479999542236},{"period":"2014","value":4.41256999969482},{"period":"2015","value":4.30550003051758},{"period":"2016","value":4.62773990631104},{"period":"2017","value":4.32369995117188},{"period":"2018","value":4.29729986190796},{"period":"2019","value":4.44776010513306},{"period":"2020","value":4.03382015228271},{"period":"2021","value":3.53787994384766},{"period":"2022","value":3.09571003913879}],"table":{"columns":[{"key":"year","label":"Year"},{"key":"value","label":"% of GDP"},{"key":"yoyChange","label":"Change"}],"rows":[{"year":"2022","value":"3.1","yoyChange":"-0.4pp"},{"year":"2021","value":"3.5","yoyChange":"-0.5pp"},{"year":"2020","value":"4.0","yoyChange":"-0.4pp"},{"year":"2019","value":"4.4","yoyChange":"+0.1pp"},{"year":"2018","value":"4.3","yoyChange":"unchanged"},{"year":"2017","value":"4.3","yoyChange":"-0.3pp"},{"year":"2016","value":"4.6","yoyChange":"+0.3pp"},{"year":"2015","value":"4.3","yoyChange":"-0.1pp"},{"year":"2014","value":"4.4","yoyChange":"+0.1pp"},{"year":"2013","value":"4.3","yoyChange":"-0.1pp"},{"year":"2012","value":"4.4","yoyChange":"+0.2pp"},{"year":"2011","value":"4.2","yoyChange":"+4.2pp"},{"year":"1998","value":"0.0","yoyChange":"-2.3pp"},{"year":"1995","value":"2.3","yoyChange":"-1.1pp"},{"year":"1994","value":"3.4","yoyChange":"unchanged"},{"year":"1993","value":"3.4","yoyChange":"+1.9pp"},{"year":"1986","value":"1.5","yoyChange":"-0.2pp"},{"year":"1985","value":"1.7","yoyChange":"-0.3pp"},{"year":"1984","value":"2.0","yoyChange":"-0.6pp"},{"year":"1983","value":"2.6","yoyChange":"+0.9pp"}]},"qa":[{"question":"What does this indicator measure?","answer":"This page tracks government expenditure on education as a share of GDP in Turkey from 1990 to present. Education spending shapes future human capital quality, productivity growth, and workforce skill depth. It is published by World Bank and updated annually."},{"question":"How current is this data?","answer":"The most recent observation covers 2022. World Bank typically publishes this series with a lag of several months after the reference period. The series runs 1978–2022 (24 observations)."},{"question":"What is the long-term trend?","answer":"The series peaked at 4.6 % of GDP in 2016 and reached its lowest recorded value of 0 in 1998. The latest reading of 3.1 in 2022 represents a change of -0.4pp."}]}