{"version":1,"asset_type":"statistical_series","data_type":"time_series","slug":"sg-rd-expenditure-gdp","url":"https://apiardata.com/statistics/sg-rd-expenditure-gdp","html_url":"https://apiardata.com/statistics/sg-rd-expenditure-gdp/","title":"Singapore Research & Development Expenditure (% of GDP) (2022)","description":"Singapore's Research & Development Expenditure (% of GDP): 1.8 % of GDP in 2022, -0.1pp YoY. World Bank (GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS), 1996–2022.","domain":"macro","category":"Economy & Macro","keywords":["Economy & Macro","World Bank","Singapore","2022"],"publisher":"World Bank","frequency":"Annual","geography":"Singapore","temporal_coverage":"1996/2022","unit":"% of GDP","last_updated":"2026-07-25","last_updated_text":"25 July 2026","data_as_of":"2022","variable_measured":"Singapore Research & Development Expenditure (% of GDP)","license":"https://apiardata.com/data-license","is_accessible_for_free":true,"sources":[{"name":"World Bank","url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS?locations=SG"}],"meta":[{"label":"Frequency","value":"Annual"},{"label":"Coverage","value":"1996–2022"},{"label":"Observations","value":"27"},{"label":"Geography","value":"Singapore"},{"label":"Last updated","value":"25 July 2026"}],"kpis":[{"label":"Singapore (2022)","value":"1.8","unit":"% of GDP","trend":{"direction":"down","value":"-0.1pp YoY"}},{"label":"YoY Change","value":"-0.1pp","unit":"percentage points"},{"label":"Trend","value":"down","unit":""},{"label":"Series length","value":"27","unit":"years of data"}],"series":[{"key":"value","label":"Singapore Research & Development Expenditure (% of GDP)"}],"observation_count":27,"observations":[{"period":"1996","value":1.31991},{"period":"1997","value":1.41565},{"period":"1998","value":1.73708},{"period":"1999","value":1.81624},{"period":"2000","value":1.81699},{"period":"2001","value":2.0093},{"period":"2002","value":2.03282},{"period":"2003","value":1.99679},{"period":"2004","value":2.07859},{"period":"2005","value":2.14806},{"period":"2006","value":2.11656},{"period":"2007","value":2.31986},{"period":"2008","value":2.59673},{"period":"2009","value":2.1279},{"period":"2010","value":1.92918},{"period":"2011","value":2.06955},{"period":"2012","value":1.91833},{"period":"2013","value":1.92104},{"period":"2014","value":2.08228},{"period":"2015","value":2.17445},{"period":"2016","value":2.06892},{"period":"2017","value":1.89683},{"period":"2018","value":1.80836},{"period":"2019","value":1.88845},{"period":"2020","value":2.15983},{"period":"2021","value":1.93761},{"period":"2022","value":1.80821}],"table":{"columns":[{"key":"year","label":"Year"},{"key":"value","label":"% of GDP"},{"key":"yoyChange","label":"YoY Change"}],"rows":[{"year":"2022","value":"1.8","yoyChange":"-0.1pp"},{"year":"2021","value":"1.9","yoyChange":"-0.3pp"},{"year":"2020","value":"2.2","yoyChange":"+0.3pp"},{"year":"2019","value":"1.9","yoyChange":"+0.1pp"},{"year":"2018","value":"1.8","yoyChange":"-0.1pp"},{"year":"2017","value":"1.9","yoyChange":"-0.2pp"},{"year":"2016","value":"2.1","yoyChange":"-0.1pp"},{"year":"2015","value":"2.2","yoyChange":"+0.1pp"},{"year":"2014","value":"2.1","yoyChange":"+0.2pp"},{"year":"2013","value":"1.9","yoyChange":"unchanged"},{"year":"2012","value":"1.9","yoyChange":"-0.2pp"},{"year":"2011","value":"2.1","yoyChange":"+0.2pp"},{"year":"2010","value":"1.9","yoyChange":"-0.2pp"},{"year":"2009","value":"2.1","yoyChange":"-0.5pp"},{"year":"2008","value":"2.6","yoyChange":"+0.3pp"},{"year":"2007","value":"2.3","yoyChange":"+0.2pp"},{"year":"2006","value":"2.1","yoyChange":"unchanged"},{"year":"2005","value":"2.1","yoyChange":"unchanged"},{"year":"2004","value":"2.1","yoyChange":"+0.1pp"},{"year":"2003","value":"2.0","yoyChange":"unchanged"}]},"qa":[{"question":"What does this indicator measure?","answer":"This page tracks total R&D expenditure (public + private) as a share of GDP in Singapore from 1996 to present. R&D intensity is a leading indicator of innovation capability and future economic productivity. It is published by World Bank and updated annually."},{"question":"How current is this data?","answer":"The most recent observation covers 2022. World Bank typically publishes this series with a lag of several months after the reference period. The series runs 1996–2022 (27 observations)."},{"question":"What is the long-term trend?","answer":"The series peaked at 2.6 % of GDP in 2008 and reached its lowest recorded value of 1.3 in 1996. The latest reading of 1.8 in 2022 represents a change of -0.1pp."}]}