{"version":1,"asset_type":"statistical_series","data_type":"time_series","slug":"pk-researchers-per-million","url":"https://apiardata.com/statistics/pk-researchers-per-million","html_url":"https://apiardata.com/statistics/pk-researchers-per-million/","title":"Pakistan Researchers in R&D (per Million People) (2023)","description":"Pakistan's Researchers in R&D (per Million People): 473.7 per million people in 2023, +18.0% vs 2021. World Bank (SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P6), 1997–2023.","domain":"papers","category":"AI & Research","keywords":["AI & Research","World Bank","Pakistan","2023"],"publisher":"World Bank","frequency":"Annual","geography":"Pakistan","temporal_coverage":"1997/2023","unit":"per million people","last_updated":"2026-07-26","last_updated_text":"26 July 2026","data_as_of":"2023","variable_measured":"Pakistan Researchers in R&D (per Million People)","license":"https://apiardata.com/data-license","is_accessible_for_free":true,"sources":[{"name":"World Bank","url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P6?locations=PK"}],"meta":[{"label":"Frequency","value":"Annual"},{"label":"Coverage","value":"1997–2023"},{"label":"Observations","value":"11"},{"label":"Geography","value":"Pakistan"},{"label":"Last updated","value":"26 July 2026"}],"kpis":[{"label":"Pakistan (2023)","value":"473.7","unit":"per million people","trend":{"direction":"up","value":"+18.0% vs 2021"}},{"label":"Change vs. prior observation","value":"+18.0%","unit":"per million people"},{"label":"Trend","value":"up","unit":""},{"label":"Series length","value":"11","unit":"years of data"}],"series":[{"key":"value","label":"Pakistan Researchers in R&D (per Million People)"}],"observation_count":11,"observations":[{"period":"1997","value":70.9917},{"period":"2005","value":73.17722},{"period":"2007","value":144.82577},{"period":"2009","value":143.85657},{"period":"2011","value":130.07654},{"period":"2013","value":144.40494},{"period":"2015","value":257.67288},{"period":"2017","value":314.96263},{"period":"2019","value":362.3767},{"period":"2021","value":401.38994},{"period":"2023","value":473.71632}],"table":{"columns":[{"key":"year","label":"Year"},{"key":"value","label":"per million people"},{"key":"yoyChange","label":"Change"}],"rows":[{"year":"2023","value":"473.7","yoyChange":"n/a"},{"year":"2021","value":"401.4","yoyChange":"n/a"},{"year":"2019","value":"362.4","yoyChange":"n/a"},{"year":"2017","value":"315.0","yoyChange":"n/a"},{"year":"2015","value":"257.7","yoyChange":"n/a"},{"year":"2013","value":"144.4","yoyChange":"n/a"},{"year":"2011","value":"130.1","yoyChange":"n/a"},{"year":"2009","value":"143.9","yoyChange":"n/a"},{"year":"2007","value":"144.8","yoyChange":"n/a"},{"year":"2005","value":"73.2","yoyChange":"n/a"},{"year":"1997","value":"71.0","yoyChange":"n/a"}]},"qa":[{"question":"What does this indicator measure?","answer":"This page tracks the number of researchers engaged in R&D per million people in Pakistan from 1996 to present. Researcher density is the most internationally comparable measure of scientific human capital. It is published by World Bank and updated annually."},{"question":"How current is this data?","answer":"The most recent observation covers 2023. World Bank typically publishes this series with a lag of several months after the reference period. The series runs 1997–2023 (11 observations)."},{"question":"What is the long-term trend?","answer":"The series peaked at 473.7 per million people in 2023 and reached its lowest recorded value of 71 in 1997. The latest reading of 473.7 in 2023 represents a change of +72.3."}]}