{"version":1,"asset_type":"statistical_series","data_type":"time_series","slug":"it-usually-works-from-home-rate","url":"https://apiardata.com/statistics/it-usually-works-from-home-rate","html_url":"https://apiardata.com/statistics/it-usually-works-from-home-rate/","title":"Italy Usually Works from Home Rate (2025)","description":"Italy's Usually Works from Home Rate: 2.7 % of employed persons in 2025, -1.1pp YoY. Eurostat (LFSA_EHOMP), 2002–2025.","domain":"labor","category":"Labour & Employment","keywords":["Labour & Employment","Eurostat","Italy","2025"],"publisher":"Eurostat","frequency":"Annual","geography":"Italy","temporal_coverage":"2002/2025","unit":"% of employed persons","last_updated":"2026-04-28","last_updated_text":"28 April 2026","data_as_of":"2025","variable_measured":"Italy Usually Works from Home Rate","license":"https://apiardata.com/data-license","is_accessible_for_free":true,"sources":[{"name":"Eurostat","url":"https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/LFSA_EHOMP/default/table"}],"meta":[{"label":"Frequency","value":"Annual"},{"label":"Coverage","value":"2002–2025"},{"label":"Observations","value":"24"},{"label":"Geography","value":"Italy"},{"label":"Last updated","value":"28 April 2026"}],"kpis":[{"label":"Italy (2025)","value":"2.7","unit":"% of employed persons","trend":{"direction":"down","value":"-1.1pp YoY"}},{"label":"YoY Change","value":"-1.1pp","unit":"percentage points"},{"label":"Trend","value":"down","unit":""},{"label":"Series length","value":"24","unit":"years of data"}],"series":[{"key":"value","label":"Italy Usually Works from Home Rate"}],"observation_count":24,"observations":[{"period":"2002","value":3.5},{"period":"2003","value":3.5},{"period":"2004","value":4.3},{"period":"2005","value":3.6},{"period":"2006","value":3.8},{"period":"2007","value":4},{"period":"2008","value":4.2},{"period":"2009","value":3.3},{"period":"2010","value":3.2},{"period":"2011","value":3.1},{"period":"2012","value":3.4},{"period":"2013","value":3.3},{"period":"2014","value":3.4},{"period":"2015","value":3.5},{"period":"2016","value":3.5},{"period":"2017","value":3.6},{"period":"2018","value":3.7},{"period":"2019","value":3.7},{"period":"2020","value":12.3},{"period":"2021","value":8.3},{"period":"2022","value":5.2},{"period":"2023","value":4.4},{"period":"2024","value":3.8},{"period":"2025","value":2.7}],"table":{"columns":[{"key":"year","label":"Year"},{"key":"value","label":"% of employed persons"},{"key":"yoyChange","label":"YoY Change"}],"rows":[{"year":"2025","value":"2.7","yoyChange":"-1.1pp"},{"year":"2024","value":"3.8","yoyChange":"-0.6pp"},{"year":"2023","value":"4.4","yoyChange":"-0.8pp"},{"year":"2022","value":"5.2","yoyChange":"-3.1pp"},{"year":"2021","value":"8.3","yoyChange":"-4.0pp"},{"year":"2020","value":"12.3","yoyChange":"+8.6pp"},{"year":"2019","value":"3.7","yoyChange":"unchanged"},{"year":"2018","value":"3.7","yoyChange":"+0.1pp"},{"year":"2017","value":"3.6","yoyChange":"+0.1pp"},{"year":"2016","value":"3.5","yoyChange":"unchanged"},{"year":"2015","value":"3.5","yoyChange":"+0.1pp"},{"year":"2014","value":"3.4","yoyChange":"+0.1pp"},{"year":"2013","value":"3.3","yoyChange":"-0.1pp"},{"year":"2012","value":"3.4","yoyChange":"+0.3pp"},{"year":"2011","value":"3.1","yoyChange":"-0.1pp"},{"year":"2010","value":"3.2","yoyChange":"-0.1pp"},{"year":"2009","value":"3.3","yoyChange":"-0.9pp"},{"year":"2008","value":"4.2","yoyChange":"+0.2pp"},{"year":"2007","value":"4.0","yoyChange":"+0.2pp"},{"year":"2006","value":"3.8","yoyChange":"+0.2pp"}]},"qa":[{"question":"What percentage of employed persons in Italy usually work from home?","answer":"In 2025, **2.7%** of employed persons in Italy usually worked from home, 6.3pp below the EU-27 average of 9%. The indicator measures persons for whom home is the primary work location on the majority of their working days, as defined by Eurostat's EU Labour Force Survey. At 2.7%, Italy has fallen below its pre-COVID rate of 3.7% (2019) — the only major EU economy in this position."},{"question":"Why has Italy's home working rate fallen below its pre-COVID level?","answer":"Italy's usually-from-home rate peaked at 12.3% in 2020 during the COVID-19 emergency and has since declined sharply, reaching 2.7% in 2025 — 1pp below the pre-pandemic level of 3.7%. This complete reversal of pandemic-era WFH adoption is unique among major EU economies and reflects several factors. Italian employer culture has been more assertive in mandating physical presence than German or French counterparts; large Italian public sector employers (which represent a significant share of white-collar employment) have required staff to return to offices; and Italy lacks the strong Works Council (Betriebsräte) tradition seen in Germany that has institutionalised hybrid work agreements at the firm level. Italian national-level collective bargaining on smart working agreements (accordi di smart working) has been more limited in scope and duration than in northern Europe."},{"question":"What does Italy's very low home working rate mean for its office real estate market?","answer":"Italy's 2.7% usually-from-home rate — combined with what is likely a moderate 'sometimes from home' rate — implies that Italy's professional workforce is returning to offices at a pace significantly faster than Germany or France. For investors in Milan or Rome office real estate, this is a meaningfully more positive demand signal than equivalent-quality northern European markets. Milan's prime office market (QC, City Life, Porta Nuova) has seen vacancy compression since 2022 partly driven by this dynamic. However, Italy's overall office demand is constrained by the small absolute size of its white-collar workforce relative to GDP and by limited corporate expansion activity from homegrown Italian technology companies."},{"question":"How does Italy's remote work rate compare to other EU member states?","answer":"At 2.7% in 2025, Italy is among the lowest in the EU for full-time home working — 6.3pp below the EU-27 average of 9%, 10.5pp below Germany (13.2%), and 8.6pp below France (11.3%). Only Romania (approximately 1.3%) and a handful of eastern European member states record lower rates. Italy's position reflects a combination of factors: a large manufacturing and in-person services sector that limits the share of jobs that are remote-eligible, and cultural and institutional factors that have driven faster return-to-office in the post-COVID period."}]}