{"version":1,"asset_type":"statistical_series","data_type":"time_series","slug":"eu-usually-works-from-home-rate","url":"https://apiardata.com/statistics/eu-usually-works-from-home-rate","html_url":"https://apiardata.com/statistics/eu-usually-works-from-home-rate/","title":"EU Usually Works From Home Rate 2025 (lfsa_ehomp)","description":"EU remote work: 9% of employed persons usually worked from home in 2025, down from 2021's 13.5% pandemic peak. Eurostat lfsa_ehomp, 27 countries ranked.","domain":"labor","category":"Labour & Employment","keywords":["Labour & Employment","Eurostat","European Union","2025"],"publisher":"Eurostat","frequency":"Annual","geography":"EU-27 member states","temporal_coverage":"2002/2025","unit":"% of employed persons","last_updated":"2026-07-26","last_updated_text":"26 July 2026","data_as_of":"2025","variable_measured":"EU Usually Works from Home Rate","license":"https://apiardata.com/data-license","is_accessible_for_free":true,"sources":[{"name":"Eurostat","url":"https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/LFSA_EHOMP/default/table"}],"meta":[{"label":"Frequency","value":"Annual"},{"label":"Coverage","value":"2002–2025"},{"label":"Observations","value":"27"},{"label":"Geography","value":"EU-27 member states"},{"label":"Last updated","value":"26 July 2026"}],"kpis":[{"label":"EU-27 (2025)","value":"9","unit":"% of employed persons","trend":{"direction":"down","value":"-0.1pp YoY"}},{"label":"Highest","value":"21.1","unit":"Finland"},{"label":"Lowest","value":"1.3","unit":"Romania"},{"label":"Countries","value":"27","unit":"EU member states"}],"series":[{"key":"value","label":"EU Usually Works from Home Rate"}],"observation_count":24,"observations":[{"period":"2002","value":4.9},{"period":"2003","value":5.7},{"period":"2004","value":5},{"period":"2005","value":5.1},{"period":"2006","value":4.8},{"period":"2007","value":4.8},{"period":"2008","value":5.1},{"period":"2009","value":5},{"period":"2010","value":5.2},{"period":"2011","value":5.6},{"period":"2012","value":5.7},{"period":"2013","value":5.1},{"period":"2014","value":5},{"period":"2015","value":5.1},{"period":"2016","value":5},{"period":"2017","value":5.3},{"period":"2018","value":5.4},{"period":"2019","value":5.7},{"period":"2020","value":12.2},{"period":"2021","value":13.5},{"period":"2022","value":10.3},{"period":"2023","value":9.1},{"period":"2024","value":9.1},{"period":"2025","value":9}],"table":{"columns":[{"key":"country","label":"Country"},{"key":"value","label":"% of employed persons"},{"key":"yoyChange","label":"YoY Change"}],"rows":[{"country":"Finland","value":"21.1","yoyChange":"+0.9pp"},{"country":"Ireland","value":"19.3","yoyChange":"-1.3pp"},{"country":"Belgium","value":"13.6","yoyChange":"-0.5pp"},{"country":"Sweden","value":"13.4","yoyChange":"-0.8pp"},{"country":"Germany","value":"13.2","yoyChange":"+0.3pp"},{"country":"Malta","value":"12.5","yoyChange":"+0.4pp"},{"country":"Netherlands","value":"11.9","yoyChange":"-1.1pp"},{"country":"Luxembourg","value":"11.6","yoyChange":"-1.8pp"},{"country":"Estonia","value":"11.4","yoyChange":"-1.6pp"},{"country":"France","value":"11.3","yoyChange":"unchanged"},{"country":"Austria","value":"11.0","yoyChange":"unchanged"},{"country":"Portugal","value":"8.9","yoyChange":"+0.2pp"},{"country":"Latvia","value":"8.7","yoyChange":"+0.2pp"},{"country":"Denmark","value":"8.2","yoyChange":"-0.2pp"},{"country":"Spain","value":"8.0","yoyChange":"+0.1pp"},{"country":"Slovenia","value":"7.5","yoyChange":"+0.5pp"},{"country":"Slovakia","value":"7.4","yoyChange":"+1.7pp"},{"country":"Czechia","value":"6.9","yoyChange":"-0.1pp"},{"country":"Poland","value":"6.1","yoyChange":"+0.6pp"},{"country":"Lithuania","value":"5.2","yoyChange":"unchanged"},{"country":"Croatia","value":"4.9","yoyChange":"+0.2pp"},{"country":"Hungary","value":"4.4","yoyChange":"+0.2pp"},{"country":"Cyprus","value":"4.3","yoyChange":"+0.2pp"},{"country":"Italy","value":"2.7","yoyChange":"-1.1pp"},{"country":"Greece","value":"2.3","yoyChange":"-0.4pp"},{"country":"Bulgaria","value":"1.6","yoyChange":"+0.4pp"},{"country":"Romania","value":"1.3","yoyChange":"+0.1pp"}]},"qa":[{"question":"What is the Eurostat series code behind this data, and how can I pull it directly?","answer":"This page is built from Eurostat series lfsa_ehomp (LFSA_EHOMP), part of the EU Labour Force Survey. The series measures the share of employed persons aged 15 to 64 who usually work from home, broken out by country and year. It is available through Eurostat's SDMX REST API and the online Data Browser, both indexed under the LFSA_EHOMP code. Analysts pulling the raw series should filter to the EU27_2020 aggregate for the bloc-wide figure or to individual country codes for national series, and confirm the frequency is annual before joining it to other Eurostat labour tables."},{"question":"How does 'usually' works from home differ from 'sometimes' works from home?","answer":"Eurostat publishes both as separate series from the same Labour Force Survey. 'Usually' counts employed persons for whom home is the location where they work most of their normal days — a majority-remote or fully remote arrangement. 'Sometimes' is a broader, distinct series that includes any occasional remote work, even a single day a month. Conflating the two overstates how much of the EU workforce is structurally remote; the 9% figure on this page reflects only the stricter, majority-of-days definition."},{"question":"What was the 2021 peak and why isn't it comparable to later years?","answer":"The EU-27 usually-works-from-home rate reached 13.5% in 2021, up from 5.7% in 2019 and 12.2% in 2020. That spike was produced by pandemic lockdowns and public health mandates that forced remote work on employees whose roles were not structurally designed for it, rather than by a genuine shift in usual working arrangements. Any trend line or year-over-year comparison spanning 2019 through 2022 should treat those two years as a shock rather than a data point on an underlying trend."},{"question":"Which EU countries have the highest and lowest usually-works-from-home rates?","answer":"Finland leads at 21.1% of employed persons in 2025, followed by Ireland at 19.3% and Belgium at 13.6%. Romania sits lowest at 1.3%, with Bulgaria at 1.6% and Greece at 2.3% just above it. The 19.8 percentage point spread between Finland and Romania is one of the widest in any EU labour market series, and it tracks closely with each country's mix of digital and professional services employment versus manufacturing and agriculture."},{"question":"How current is this data and how often is it updated?","answer":"The most recent observation is 2025. Eurostat's Labour Force Survey results are typically published with a lag of several months after the reference year closes, and this series is updated annually rather than quarterly, unlike some other Labour Force Survey outputs that Eurostat releases on a quarterly cadence. The full run on this page covers 2002 through 2025, giving a 24-year history for the EU-27 aggregate and each member state, which is long enough to separate the pandemic-era distortion from the underlying pre- and post-2021 levels."},{"question":"Has the EU-27 rate stabilized after the pandemic, or is it still falling?","answer":"The rate has essentially flattened. After peaking at 13.5% in 2021, it fell to 10.3% in 2022 and 9.1% in both 2023 and 2024, before edging down to 9% in 2025 — a decline of only 0.1 percentage points over the most recent year. That plateau sits above the pre-pandemic baseline of roughly 5.7% in 2019, suggesting a portion of the pandemic-era shift toward remote work became a lasting feature of how EU employers structure jobs, rather than reverting fully to pre-2020 patterns."},{"question":"What explains the gap between the highest- and lowest-ranked EU countries?","answer":"Finland, Ireland, Belgium, Sweden and Germany occupy the top of the table, economies with large professional-services, technology and public-administration sectors where remote-capable roles are common. Italy, Greece, Bulgaria and Romania sit at the bottom, where employment concentrates more heavily in manufacturing, agriculture and retail — occupations that require physical presence. Slovakia posted the largest year-over-year increase in the 2025 update at 1.7 percentage points, while Luxembourg posted the largest decline at 1.8 percentage points, showing that national rates keep moving independently even while the EU aggregate holds steady."}]}