{"version":1,"asset_type":"statistical_series","data_type":"time_series","slug":"es-usually-works-from-home-rate","url":"https://apiardata.com/statistics/es-usually-works-from-home-rate","html_url":"https://apiardata.com/statistics/es-usually-works-from-home-rate/","title":"Spain Usually Works from Home Rate (2025)","description":"Spain's Usually Works from Home Rate: 8 % of employed persons in 2025, +0.1pp YoY. Eurostat (LFSA_EHOMP), 2002–2025.","domain":"labor","category":"Labour & Employment","keywords":["Labour & Employment","Eurostat","Spain","2025"],"publisher":"Eurostat","frequency":"Annual","geography":"Spain","temporal_coverage":"2002/2025","unit":"% of employed persons","last_updated":"2026-04-28","last_updated_text":"28 April 2026","data_as_of":"2025","variable_measured":"Spain Usually Works from Home Rate","license":"https://apiardata.com/data-license","is_accessible_for_free":true,"sources":[{"name":"Eurostat","url":"https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/LFSA_EHOMP/default/table"}],"meta":[{"label":"Frequency","value":"Annual"},{"label":"Coverage","value":"2002–2025"},{"label":"Observations","value":"23"},{"label":"Geography","value":"Spain"},{"label":"Last updated","value":"28 April 2026"}],"kpis":[{"label":"Spain (2025)","value":"8","unit":"% of employed persons","trend":{"direction":"up","value":"+0.1pp YoY"}},{"label":"YoY Change","value":"+0.1pp","unit":"percentage points"},{"label":"Trend","value":"up","unit":""},{"label":"Series length","value":"23","unit":"years of data"}],"series":[{"key":"value","label":"Spain Usually Works from Home Rate"}],"observation_count":23,"observations":[{"period":"2002","value":0.5},{"period":"2003","value":0.5},{"period":"2004","value":0.7},{"period":"2006","value":3},{"period":"2007","value":2.7},{"period":"2008","value":3.1},{"period":"2009","value":3.4},{"period":"2010","value":3.8},{"period":"2011","value":4.1},{"period":"2012","value":4.5},{"period":"2013","value":4.3},{"period":"2014","value":4.3},{"period":"2015","value":3.6},{"period":"2016","value":3.5},{"period":"2017","value":4.3},{"period":"2018","value":4.3},{"period":"2019","value":4.9},{"period":"2020","value":11},{"period":"2021","value":9.5},{"period":"2022","value":7.6},{"period":"2023","value":7.2},{"period":"2024","value":7.9},{"period":"2025","value":8}],"table":{"columns":[{"key":"year","label":"Year"},{"key":"value","label":"% of employed persons"},{"key":"yoyChange","label":"YoY Change"}],"rows":[{"year":"2025","value":"8.0","yoyChange":"+0.1pp"},{"year":"2024","value":"7.9","yoyChange":"+0.7pp"},{"year":"2023","value":"7.2","yoyChange":"-0.4pp"},{"year":"2022","value":"7.6","yoyChange":"-1.9pp"},{"year":"2021","value":"9.5","yoyChange":"-1.5pp"},{"year":"2020","value":"11.0","yoyChange":"+6.1pp"},{"year":"2019","value":"4.9","yoyChange":"+0.6pp"},{"year":"2018","value":"4.3","yoyChange":"unchanged"},{"year":"2017","value":"4.3","yoyChange":"+0.8pp"},{"year":"2016","value":"3.5","yoyChange":"-0.1pp"},{"year":"2015","value":"3.6","yoyChange":"-0.7pp"},{"year":"2014","value":"4.3","yoyChange":"unchanged"},{"year":"2013","value":"4.3","yoyChange":"-0.2pp"},{"year":"2012","value":"4.5","yoyChange":"+0.4pp"},{"year":"2011","value":"4.1","yoyChange":"+0.3pp"},{"year":"2010","value":"3.8","yoyChange":"+0.4pp"},{"year":"2009","value":"3.4","yoyChange":"+0.3pp"},{"year":"2008","value":"3.1","yoyChange":"+0.4pp"},{"year":"2007","value":"2.7","yoyChange":"-0.3pp"},{"year":"2006","value":"3.0","yoyChange":"n/a"}]},"qa":[{"question":"What percentage of employed persons in Spain usually work from home?","answer":"In 2025, **8%** of employed persons in Spain usually worked from home, 1pp below the EU-27 average of 9%. The indicator measures persons for whom home is the primary work location on the majority of their working days, as defined by Eurostat's EU Labour Force Survey. Spain's rate stabilised at approximately 8% in 2024–2025, having partially normalised from the 11% pandemic peak."},{"question":"How did the COVID-19 pandemic affect home working rates in Spain?","answer":"Spain's usually-from-home rate was 4.9% in 2019 — below the EU average but substantially higher than Italy's. It peaked at **11%** in 2020 as Spain's strict COVID-19 lockdowns (some of the most restrictive in Europe) forced rapid adoption of remote work. By 2025, the rate had partially normalised to 8%, retaining 3.1 percentage points above the 2019 baseline. Spain adopted a formal right to télétrabajo under Royal Decree-Law 28/2020, which provided a legal framework for remote working agreements — a factor that may have supported a higher post-pandemic WFH floor than Italy, which implemented comparable legislation but saw faster attrition."},{"question":"How does Spain's WFH rate compare across the EU and why is it below France and Germany?","answer":"At 8% in 2025, Spain is 1pp below the EU-27 average, 3.2pp below Germany (13.2%), and 3.3pp below France (11.3%). The gap relative to northern European peers primarily reflects Spain's sectoral composition: tourism, hospitality, and agriculture — which together account for a large share of Spanish employment — are predominantly in-person activities that cannot be performed remotely. Spain's 8% is largely concentrated in professional services, finance, technology, and public administration, where Madrid and Barcelona have well-developed remote-work cultures. The tech sector in particular (Spain has an active startup ecosystem in Barcelona and Madrid) has maintained above-average WFH adoption. The overall national rate is pulled down by the weight of non-remote-eligible employment."},{"question":"What is the long-term trend in Spain's usually-from-home rate?","answer":"The series begins in 2002, when Spain's usually-from-home rate was approximately 0.5% — effectively negligible, consistent with pre-broadband Spain's heavily in-person professional culture. The rate rose gradually through the 2010s as broadband infrastructure improved and professional working norms evolved, reaching 4.9% in 2019. The 2020 pandemic surge to 11% was Spain's most rapid labour market transformation in modern recorded history. By 2025, the 8% stabilisation represents a durable baseline — 3.1pp above pre-COVID — indicating structural retention of remote work in white-collar sectors. The marginal +0.1pp year-on-year increase in 2025 suggests continued very slow adoption rather than a return to office."}]}